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For our class purposes and this module in particular, we are focused on stigmatized deviance, that which society views negatively, and that which makes the deviant looked down upon socially because of this attribute. Positive devianceis about behaviors that are in the minority but are honored in society, such as being an athlete. Think about ways in which you can behave in a less common fashion, but that it is not a behavior that is considered “deviant.” But deviant behavior is statistically less than normal types of behavior. The deviant is not only just outside of the statistical norm of behavior. What is their purpose? What is the difference between social rules and laws? Think about all the categories of rules that govern our society. The outsider or deviant has broken social rules. Be sure to notice which institutions are involved in each instance of deviance. All groups in society define themselves in opposition to others, or may be prejudice against others, but only a few groups have enough power to have their definitions enforced through social institutions–the law, education, religion, etc. Becker’s theory has also been called “ labeling theory,” because he argues that the deviant is one because they are so labeled (9). However a society comes to define their group of deviant members, these targeted people, label in a certain way-become outsiders. The social structure itself-society-creates deviance through the process of defining a group of people as deviant in some way, and then casting a negative view on this particularity. While we are accustomed to the dominant narrative around us, blaming the victims of social problems by arguing that they have somehow caused their own negative situation, Becker turns this argument around. Notice they are in a nice car, while PonyBoy walks, demonstrating their social class difference and in this visual, the car becomes a weapon against PonyBoy, making him vulnerable.
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In the opening scenes, we see the Socs harass PonyBoy as he walks home from the movie. In the film, the conflict is between The Greasers and the South Side Socials. Be sure to always identify this power dynamic. Social Power: While all groups may label others–only a few have enough social power and social capital to enforce their labeling of the other. Deviance is not an inherent quality of “the deviant person,” rather, it is in the social interaction of one group in power having the ability to label the other group the outsider, and having enough power in society to enforce this distinction. Becker opens his book Outsiders with this statement that can provide the foundation for his theories on deviance (1). “All social groups make rules and attempt… to enforce them,” Howard S. Information in the video lecture can also appear on the quiz or discussion board assignments. Therefore, be sure to be able to understand and define Becker’s concepts of how outsiders are created socially, the definitions of different types of deviance, as well as what a moral entrepreneur is. For the quiz, you only need to read chapters 1, but the summary of the other chapters listed here will appear on the quiz as well. This overview looks at chapter 1 Outsiders, chapter 2 types of deviance, and chapter 3: moral entrepreneur. In this overview, the sociological theories of Howard Becker from his book, Outsiders, will be examined. Howard Becker, Outsiders ( online version)